Explanation Text Part 1, 2 and 3

 

Hello everyone! How are you? Back with me again and again. Today, I will tell and explain to those of you about explanation text. I hope you can understand it well. Enjoy! :)

Definition of Explanation Text
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

1. General Statement
    Stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
2. Sequenced of Explanation
    Stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.


Purpose of Explanation Text
1. Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and
    cultural phenomena.
2. To explain how or why something happens.

According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson (1997: 82) says that the explanation text type is often used to tell how and why thing (phenomena) occur in nature.

Language Features of Explanation Text
In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :
1. Using simple present tense.
2. Using abstract noun (no visible noun).
3. Using passive voice.
4. Using action verbs.
5. Containing explanation of the process.


Examples of Explanation Text

How a Cancer is Formed 

What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause of death.

Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as: nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.

Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.

How a Fuel Light Works 

Many cars, motorcycles and other modern vehicles have fuel warning light devices. the warning light is usually red which switches on automatically when the level of fuel in the tank is very low. The warning light gives the driver information about the amount of petrol in the tank. When the light switches on red, it tells the driver that the petrol in the tank is almost empty. Therefore he have to put more fuel into the tank. However do you know how the fuel warning works?

Well this is the way the fuel warning light work and gives the driver information about the accurate amount of the petrol in the tank. When the level of the fuel falls, the float inside the tank moves downwards. When this condition happens, the arm also moves downwards and it make the lever touch an electrical contact. This switches on the fuel light in the car dashboard.

The red light which appears in the fuel panel of the dashboard tells the driver that he needs more petrol for his car. When he pours more petrol into the tank, this condition makes the fuel level rise and it pushes the float upwards. In return it disconnects to the electrical contact and makes the red light switch off.

Conclusion
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Exercise 
Part D (Page 11)

Part E (Page 11-15)

Part D ( Page 19-20)

Part E (Page 20-21)

2. Write an explanation text telling about how rainbow is formed. Don’t forget to make a draft and
    include passive voices in your text.

    Answer : 

    How a Rainbow is Formed

A rainbow is a large spectral arc that occurs due to the refraction of sunlight by water droplets. Rainbows are also considered an optical and meteorological phenomenon in the form of parallel colored light that appears in the sky or other medium. A rainbow appears as an arc of light with its tip pointing towards the horizon during a light rain. Rainbows can also be seen around the clear waterfall.

Rainbows and other light effects in the sky are caused by light refracting and straying away from particles. At sunset, the sky turns red because sunlight passes through a much thicker atmosphere than when the sun is high in the sky at noon. Rainbows will not appear at night or when the weather is cloudy. This happens because rainbows are the result of refraction of light. At first the sunlight passes through a raindrop, then it is bent or refracted towards the center of the raindrop so that it separates white light into the colors of the spectrum.

Rainbows can only be seen when it rains at the same time as the sun is shining but from the opposite side to the observer. The position of the observer must be between the sun and impressed the water with the sun behind the person. The sun, the observer's eye and the center of the rainbow arc must be in a straight line. Light with the shortest wavelength, like purple, is on the curve and the light with the longest wavelength, like red, is on the outside.

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